tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-83546390089604833072024-03-19T17:16:25.003+05:30Jaijit Bhattacharya: Government TransformationGovernance: Policies, Processes and TechnologiesAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10215419820896050281noreply@blogger.comBlogger151125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-79533680973914238082020-08-20T23:06:00.004+05:302020-08-20T23:06:41.927+05:30Face The Book Of Digital Monopolies: Why India Must Develop Swadeshi Apps<p>Article first published in Outlook at https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/opinion-time-to-end-digital-monopolies-and-promote-indian-apps-for-atmanirbhar-bharat/358971?utm_content=buffer925b4&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer</p><p><br /></p><h4 style="color: #666262; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 25px;">Now that the bugle call of Atmanirbhar Bharat has been raised, one has to put money where the mouth is and start supporting the Indian apps. It is high time that the government and public institutions chart out a glide path away from digital monopolies that are not completely under the control of the Republic of India.</h4><div class="author_social" style="border: 0px; float: left; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; width: 844.547px;"><div class="story_author" style="float: left; width: 599.625px;"><div class="author_icon" style="color: #b0adad; float: left; font-size: 55px; line-height: 55px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 11.9844px; width: 59.9531px;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user-circle" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: inline-block; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span></div><div class="author_name_date" style="color: #8c8888; float: left; font-size: 13px; padding-left: 17.9844px; padding-top: 17.9844px; width: 509.672px;"><span style="color: #e0001b; float: left; font-size: 14px; width: 509.672px;"><a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/author/jaijit-bhattacharya/20642" style="color: #e0001b; text-decoration-line: none;">Jaijit Bhattacharya</a><a></a></span>19 August 2020<img alt="Face The Book Of Digital Monopolies: Why India Must Develop Swadeshi Apps" class="img_responsive" src="https://images.outlookindia.com/public/uploads/articles/2020/8/19/instagram_630_630_630_630_570_850.jpg" style="height: auto; width: 844.547px;" title="Face The Book Of Digital Monopolies: Why India Must Develop Swadeshi Apps" /></div></div></div><div class="photocaption_mag" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); float: left; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 7px; width: 844.547px;"><div class="caption">Representational image</div></div><div class="story_description" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle" style="font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;"><div itemprop="articleBody"><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">What are digital monopolies and why are they so dangerous? A digital monopoly, as the name says, is a monopoly of any service in the online universe. An online monopoly derives its monopolistic behaviour from a phenomenon called the Network Effect. It follows a principle in electrical engineering called the Metcalfe’s law that essentially says that the value of a network grows exponentially with each addition to that network.</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Translating this to digital monopolies, if you are not on Facebook, then your joining Facebook will not increase its value by 1, but will add value to the Facebook network in an exponential fashion since you can now connect with not one person on Facebook, but with hundreds and thousands of people. So, if you are given a choice of joining a digital platform where you can connect with hundreds of your friends and acquaintances versus joining a new platform where you can connect with perhaps ten or less of your friends, what will you join? Clearly you will join the platform where you can connect with more people. This is a simple game theoretic outcome. So, you and everyone else, will gravitate to two or three such platforms, which will transform into the nerve centre for influencing society. This is Network Effect.</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">The question that arises is how does Network Effect make such platforms dangerous? Why is a company that has, say monopoly over salt distribution, not considered to be dangerous? The reason why such digital monopolies are dangerous is because they continue to largely operate outside the jurisdiction of the sovereign government. Any issue that is brought up to their local representative office is answered with an excuse that the local office is a different company that is not responsible for content. It is the parent company, sitting outside the borders of the nation, that is responsible for the content, and the sovereign government has limited jurisdiction over the parent entity.</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">However, what makes them even more dangerous is that they derive their powers directly from the people. They are possibly more powerful than the government in the area they operate in. Imagine the government coming down heavily on violations by these digital monopolies which include not just Facebook but Google, Amazon, Twitter etc. Let’s say, hypothetically, the government found that Facebook is working against the interest of the nation and asks Facebook to stop operating in India. Such a decision would disrupt humongous amount of commerce in India, would impact MSME’s who do business through Facebook, disrupt communication as Facebook-owned Whatsapp would also have to stop operating and there would be a massive pushback from the people who are addicted to the new opium of social media. Or if one stops Google, millions of taxi drivers of cab aggregator companies will become jobless without the location service. Such is the power of the Digital monopolies, which is why I had coined the term “Technological Sovereignty” more than a decade and a half ago, as the government does not just lose sovereignty to another country but to a company (rings a bell with how one of the most profitable companies in human history, The East India Company, started off?).</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Hence, one should look at the recent controversy on Facebook that erupted based on an article in the American newspaper, the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) “Facebook’s Hate-Speech Rules Collide With Indian Politics”, through this lens. The headline has an interesting focus – it focuses on Facebook’s meddling with Indian politics and hence with the will of the people. This is an extremely dangerous phenomenon. The power of narrative, which stitches a story based on selective data points, can strongly influence decision making of people to extreme levels. If one recollects the havoc that was played out by the game “Blue Whale” that pushed teenagers and young adults to commit suicide by playing with their thought process and judgement. And the algorithms have since been improved manifolds with massive increase in computing power and with dollops of funds flowing into the science of mind control through data.</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">It is not shocking anymore that voters can be manipulated to vote in a certain manner en masse, based on the manipulations through the social media platforms, which not only know who your friends are and what your opinion is on a browser, but knows your deepest desires based on the messages you are sharing on your mobile phone (in case of Facebook, they control Facebook, Whatsapp and Instagram, giving them insight to not only what you are posting, but also what your children and close relatives are posting). It was not long ago that the main opposition party in India was accused of collaborating with Cambridge Analytica, a UK-based entity, that received data from Facebook to go around the globe helping political parties use the personal data to win elections (it is another story that the opposition party did not win the elections).</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Now is the turn of the ruling party to face the heat of standing to gain from the actions, or more accurately the inactions of Facebook on a hate comment allegedly posted by one of its MLA’s from Telangana. The said MLA has come out with his side of the story that his Facebook page had been hacked two years ago in 2018, and he had filed a complaint at that time that supposedly blocked his page. However, the accusations on Facebook made by WSJ are grave accusations. The WSJ article says that Facebook detected that the postings on the page of the said politician were offensive, but took the call of not removing them as the person was from the ruling party. It demonstrates how Facebook has abrogated the power to decide what information to be provided to people, and what needs to be filtered out, and this decision is not based on any ethics or morality, but based on the sole motive of profit maximization (again reminds us of the arbitrary rules that were imposed by the East India Company, albeit, Facebook is no East India Company, but handing over the probity of running a nation to a company, even if it is in small parts, is a highly dangerous situation to be in, as the precedents in history tell us).</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">It is also interesting to note that the newspaper that brought out the so-called expose, runs a paid online site, where one can read the full news article only after paying. What is visible on the site, without making any payments, is a highly sensationalized byte which says “In Facebook posts and public appearances, Indian politician T. Raja Singh has said Rohingya Muslim immigrants should be shot, called Muslims traitors and threatened to raze mosques.” It serves to catch attention, pique the interest and let the issue spread like wildfire in India, which offers one of the largest online catchments of readers in the world. It would be interesting to know how many more paid readers did WSJ manage to garner with this sensationalised news article, that hits a raw nerve in India.</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">To conclude, one has to note the actors in this rather sordid saga – it has the Wall Street Journal and Facebook and we still do not know what the facts are as Facebook has denied that it had deliberately not removed the alleged hate speech. Neither WSJ, nor Facebook are under the jurisdiction of the Republic of India. Their interests in India do not go beyond their revenue maximization goals. They neither have their families in India, nor have any plans to move to India. If India burns due to riots (as we saw happening in Bangalore recently where allegedly a tweet led to instant riots), it does not affect them, unless it leads to advertisement revenues going down. Unfortunately, with every such event, more people join these platforms out of curiosity, contributing to a vicious cycle.</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Having noted the issue, one cannot take a luddite stance either of breaking everything that is not under our control. But, when the political framework of the country is under threat, it is equally surprising to see the Election Commission, the temple of India’s democracy, endorsing a platform such as Facebook. Now that the bugle call of Atmanirbhar Bharat has been raised, one has to put money where the mouth is and start supporting these Indian apps. If user base is an issue, there are established Indian apps such as Sharechat with over 250 million users, Hike messenger with over 100 million users and others, which are as sizable as Facebook’s user base in India.</p><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">It is high time that the government and public institutions chart out a glide path away from digital monopolies that are not completely under the control of the Republic of India. This is crucial from the perspective of national security and technological sovereignty.</p><div class="story_description"><div class="story_description"><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><em>(The author is president, Centre for Digital Economy Policy Research. Views expressed are personal.)</em></p></div></div></div></div>Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-71746465043130577342020-08-20T23:04:00.000+05:302020-08-20T23:04:13.842+05:30एप्स पर प्रतिबंध से चीनी कंपनियों को लगा तगड़ा झटका वहीं अन्य देश भी भारत की राह पर चल सकते हैं<p> First Published in Dainik Jagaran at <a href="https://m-jagran-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/m.jagran.com/lite/editorial/apnibaat-ban-on-apps-will-give-big-blow-to-chinese-companies-while-other-countries-can-also-follow-path-of-india-20463280.html?usqp=mq331AQFKAGwASA%3D&amp_js_v=0.1#aoh=15979378046333&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Feditorial%2Fapnibaat-ban-on-apps-will-give-big-blow-to-chinese-companies-while-other-countries-can-also-follow-path-of-india-20463280.html">https://m-jagran-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/m.jagran.com/lite/editorial/apnibaat-ban-on-apps-will-give-big-blow-to-chinese-companies-while-other-countries-can-also-follow-path-of-india-20463280.html?usqp=mq331AQFKAGwASA%3D&amp_js_v=0.1#aoh=15979378046333&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Feditorial%2Fapnibaat-ban-on-apps-will-give-big-blow-to-chinese-companies-while-other-countries-can-also-follow-path-of-india-20463280.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p><img alt="newimg/02072020/02_07_2020-edit1-1head_20463280.jpg" src="https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/i/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/02072020/02_07_2020-edit1-1head_20463280.jpg" /></p><p><br /></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">देर से उठाया गया दुरुस्त कदम</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">[ जयजित भट्टाचार्य ]:</strong> सोमवार को भारत सरकार ने 59 चीनी मोबाइल एप्स पर प्रतिबंध लगा दिया। इस प्रतिबंध के पीछे डाटा सुरक्षा और निजता जैसे पहलुओं को वजह बताया जा रहा है, मगर यह मसला तो गूगल, फेसबुक और ट्विटर के साथ भी है। फिर उन्हेंं क्यों बख्श दिया गया? स्पष्ट है यह कवायद केवल डाटा सुरक्षा और निजता को ध्यान में रखकर ही नहीं की गई। यह आवरण केवल कुछ अंतराराष्ट्रीय परंपराओं का सम्मान करने के लिहाज से डाला गया है। इसका मकसद तो चीन को सख्त संदेश देना है।<amp-img class="i-amphtml-layout-responsive i-amphtml-layout-size-defined i-amphtml-element i-amphtml-layout" height="216" i-amphtml-auto-lightbox-visited="" i-amphtml-layout="responsive" layout="responsive" src="https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/i/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/edit1-1(5).jpg" srcset="https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/w390/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/edit1-1(5).jpg 390w, https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/w820/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/edit1-1(5).jpg 820w" style="display: block; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="360"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" style="display: block; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 346.188px 0px 0px;"></i-amphtml-sizer><img class="i-amphtml-blurry-placeholder" placeholder="" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns%3Axlink='http%3A//www.w3.org/1999/xlink' viewBox='0 0 10 6'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='.5'%3E%3C/feGaussianBlur%3E%3CfeComponentTransfer%3E%3CfeFuncA type='discrete' tableValues='1 1'%3E%3C/feFuncA%3E%3C/feComponentTransfer%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' xlink%3Ahref='data%3Aimage/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDABALDA4MChAODQ4SERATGCgaGBYWGDEjJR0oOjM9PDkzODdASFxOQERXRTc4UG1RV19iZ2hnPk1xeXBkeFxlZ2P/2wBDARESEhgVGC8aGi9jQjhCY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2P/wAARCAAGAAoDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFgABAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIG/8QAIRAAAQQBAwUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQACAwQRBhITFDJhgdL/xAAUAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8Au1QpV9OX63AyR9QRxmQsDS5xIG7I8rG9HDnsf6lHyiIP/9k='%3E%3C/image%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="bottom: 0px !important; 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min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; width: 0px;" /></amp-img></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">एप्स पर प्रतिबंध: चीन की बिलबिलाहट से साफ है कि मोदी का निशाना एकदम सटीक जगह लगा</strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">वास्तव में चीनी एप तो हमेशा से सरकार के निशाने पर रहे, लेकिन सीमा पर चीन के साथ हालिया तनाव के बाद सरकार ने आखिरकार ट्रिगर दबा ही दिया। चूंकि चीन अब प्रमुख रूप से एक व्यापारिक देश है और भारत उसके उत्पादों का एक अहम बाजार तो अपने एप्स पर प्रतिबंध के फैसले को लेकर चीन की बिलबिलाहट से साफ है कि सरकार का निशाना एकदम सटीक जगह लगा है।</p><div class="i-amphtml-fx-flying-carpet-clip" style="border: 0px !important; 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sandbox="allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-forms allow-modals allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts" scrolling="no" src="https://bb077023a3b52cd88be533475d1ddc41.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-37/html/container.html?n=0" style="border-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px !important; bottom: 0px; display: block; height: 600px; left: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; width: 300px;" title="3rd party ad content" width="300"></iframe></amp-ad></div></div><p></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">चीन पर दोहरी चोट</strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">वास्तव में यह चीन के लिए दोहरी चोट है। भारत के इस कदम से जहां चीन की दिग्गज टेक कंपनियों की वैश्विक महत्वाकांक्षाओं को तगड़ा झटका लगेगा वहीं तमाम दूसरे देश भी भारत की तर्ज पर चीनी कंपनियों से पीछा छुड़ा सकते हैं। अमेरिका द्वारा मंगलवार को हुआवे और जेटीई जैसी चीनी कंपनियों को राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा के लिए खतरा बताना इसी रुझान की पुष्टि करता है।</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">चीन का रवैया हमेशा से संदिग्ध रहा</strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">मोदी सरकार का यह कदम बिल्कुल सही है। वास्तव में यह तो काफी पहले ही हो जाना चाहिए था। हम कम से कम बीते एक दशक से इसकी दुहाई देते आए हैं कि सरकार को देश के व्यापक हितों में विदेशी तकनीकी पर निर्भरता कम करनी चाहिए। यदि वह तकनीक चीन जैसे देश की हो तो हमें और सतर्क रहने की जरूरत है। चीन का रवैया हमेशा से संदिग्ध रहा है। अतीत में मंगोलिया से लेकर तिब्बत और शिनजियांग तक उसका अतिक्रमण और वर्तमान में भी तमाम देशों के साथ तकरार उसकी विस्तारवादी बदनीयती को ही जाहिर करता है।</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी ताकत बनने के लालच में चीन अनुचित नीतियों का सहारा ले रहा</strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी ताकत बनने के लालच में वह अनुचित नीतियों का सहारा ले रहा है। इसमें नई तकनीक और एप्स उसके हथियार बनते दिख रहे हैं। बीते दिनों ऑस्ट्रेलिया पर हुआ साइबर हमला इसकी मिसाल है। यह हमला प्रायोगिक तौर पर किया गया ताकि चीन अपनी क्षमताओं को भांप सके कि कैसे वह एक गोली दागे बिना अपने प्रतिद्वंद्वी देश को घुटनों के बल पर ला सके। चीन ने इसमें महारत हासिल कर ली है और वह अपनी इन क्षमताओं को लगातार धार भी देता जा रहा है।</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">भविष्य की लड़ाइयां तकनीकी मोर्चे पर लड़ी जाएंगी</strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">तमाम सामरिक विश्लेषकों का मानना है कि भविष्य की लड़ाइयां तकनीकी मोर्चे पर लड़ी जाएंगी। कोई देश अपने दुश्मन देश की बिजली व्यवस्था को छिन्न-भिन्न कर उसे लचर बना सकता है। दुश्मन देश के लड़ाकू विमानों की उड़ान को ही प्रभावित कर सकता है। सैन्य रसद को पहुंचाने में गतिरोध उत्पन्न कर सकता है। तब बड़ी से बड़ी सेना भी उपयोगी नहीं हो सकती। इसे संभव बनाने में निजी जानकारियां बहुत उपयोगी होती हैं जिन्हेंं एप के जरिये चुराया जा सकता है।</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">ईरान में तो 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10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">संवेदनशील सूचनाएं जुटाने के मामले में एप भेदिये का काम करता है</strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">संवेदनशील सूचनाएं जुटाने के मामले में एप किसी भेदिये का काम करते हैं। पुराने जमाने में किले बहुत मजबूत बनाए जाते थे, लेकिन कोई न कोई भेदिया उन किलों को भी ध्वस्त करा देता था। ये एप भी कुछ ऐसे ही हैं। ऐसे में हमें अपना सुरक्षा घेरा और सशक्त बनाना होगा जिसमें सबसे पहला कदम तो इनसे छुटकारा पाना ही है। फिर हमें अपना मोर्चा मजबूत बनाना है। याद रखें कि इस दौर में तकनीकी संप्रभुता भी भौगोलिक एवं राजनीतिक संप्रभुता जितनी ही महत्वपूर्ण है। हमें इस मामले में कोई ढिलाई नहीं करनी होगी।</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">खोजडॉटकॉम गूगल के संसाधनों के सामने फुस्स हो गया</strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">भारत सरकार ने भले ही 59 चीनी एप्स प्रतिबंधित कर दिए हों, लेकिन यदि एपल स्टोर और गूगल एंड्रॉयड प्ले स्टोर इन्हेंं अपने प्लेटफॉर्म से हटाने को राजी नहीं होते तब सरकार क्या करती? ऐसे में तकनीकी रूप से संप्रभु कौन होता? एपल और गूगल जैसी कंपनियां या भारत सरकार? हमें यह स्थिति बदलनी होगी। इसके लिए सरकारी प्रोत्साहन आवश्यक ही नहीं, बल्कि अनिवार्य होगा। हमने काफी पहले ही कुछ पहल की थीं, लेकिन सरकारी सहयोग के अभाव में वे फलीभूत नहीं हो पाईं। जैसे गूगल का मुकाबला करने के लिए 2007 में हमने खोजडॉटकॉम जैसा दांव चला जो गूगल के संसाधनों के सामने फुस्स हो गया। यह उस समय की बात है जब चीन में गूगल के विकल्प बायडू का अंकुर भी नहीं फूटा था। इस दौरान चीन कहां से कहां पहुंच गया।</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">वॉट्सएप</strong><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"> पर दंगों से लेकर हिंसक भीड़ के हमले और चुनावों को प्रभावित करने तक के आरोप लगे </strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">एप्स से जुड़े जोखिमों को देखते हुए कुछ समय पहले वॉट्सएप जैसे मैसेजिंग एप को लेकर भी सवाल उठे थे। सरकार की सख्ती के बाद उसने कुछ बदलाव कर सहयोग किया है, फिर भी हमें एहतियात बरतने की जरूरत है, क्योंकि वॉट्सएप पर दंगों से लेकर हिंसक भीड़ के हमले और चुनावों को प्रभावित करने तक के आरोप लगे हैं। चूंकि वह अमेरिकी कंपनी फेसबुक का एप है तो उसके लिए हमारा नजरिया अलग है। इसका कारण यह है कि अमेरिका से हमें कोई खतरा नहीं दिखता, जबकि चीन समय-समय पर हमारे लिए चुनौती पेश करता आया है।</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">चीन को जवाब देने के लिए सरकार ने उसके संदिग्ध एप्स पर किया प्रहार </strong></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">चीन को जवाब देने के लिए सरकार ने उसके संदिग्ध एप्स पर जो प्रहार किया है उसका लाभ तभी मिल पाएगा जब वह उनके विकल्प तैयार करने के लिए देसी उद्यमियों और इनोवेटर्स को प्रोत्साहन देकर एक आदर्श परिवेश तैयार करे। इस सिलसिले में शेयर चैट, चिंगारी, जोहो मीटिंग, एयरमीट और जुप-पीओएस जैसे तमाम नाम सामने आए हैं। यदि इन्हेंं सरकार और यूजर्स का समर्थन मिले तो ये न केवल देश, बल्कि वैश्विक स्तर पर भी सफलता के झंडे गाड़ सकते हैं।</p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><amp-img class="i-amphtml-layout-responsive i-amphtml-layout-size-defined i-amphtml-element i-amphtml-layout" height="216" i-amphtml-auto-lightbox-visited="" i-amphtml-layout="responsive" layout="responsive" lightbox="i-amphtml-auto-lightbox-0" src="https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/i/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/jaijit-bhattacharya1.jpg" srcset="https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/w390/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/jaijit-bhattacharya1.jpg 390w, https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/w820/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/jaijit-bhattacharya1.jpg 820w" style="display: block; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="360"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" style="display: block; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 346.188px 0px 0px;"></i-amphtml-sizer><img class="i-amphtml-fill-content i-amphtml-replaced-content" decoding="async" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 577px, 100vw" src="https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/i/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/jaijit-bhattacharya1.jpg" srcset="https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/w390/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/jaijit-bhattacharya1.jpg 390w, https://www-jagranimages-com.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/w820/s/www.jagranimages.com/images/newimg/articleimage/jaijit-bhattacharya1.jpg 820w" style="border: none !important; bottom: 0px; display: block; height: 0px; left: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; width: 0px;" /></amp-img></p><p style="color: #404040; font-family: "Ek Mukta", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">( लेखक सेंटर फॉर डिजिटल इकोनॉमी पॉलिसी रिसर्च के प्रेसिडेंट हैं )</strong></p>Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-34242826632208807042020-07-12T16:15:00.002+05:302020-07-12T16:18:22.316+05:30With App Ban, India Has Fired First Salvo In Trade War With China. How Can Dragon Retaliate?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipUf6fQuQGiHNuDLnyws1vVP2ShLQqmEshEayYLu0N4IxezDId97EeWV9ERXfuyJY018oFHpQ6GKk-OfUsrXyjRtqaro-T93aRxOyCvNhzyf0jiaha_tR_C7evP3vpZJchhV6ndzgrlivH/s850/Modi-china_1_20200615_570_850_570_850.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipUf6fQuQGiHNuDLnyws1vVP2ShLQqmEshEayYLu0N4IxezDId97EeWV9ERXfuyJY018oFHpQ6GKk-OfUsrXyjRtqaro-T93aRxOyCvNhzyf0jiaha_tR_C7evP3vpZJchhV6ndzgrlivH/w640-h426/Modi-china_1_20200615_570_850_570_850.jpg" width="640" /></a><br /><br />
<h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 2.4rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Story first appeared in <a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/opinion-with-app-ban-india-has-fired-first-salvo-in-trade-war-with-china-how-can-dragon-retaliate/356169" target="_blank">Outlook magazine</a> at <a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/opinion-with-app-ban-india-has-fired-first-salvo-in-trade-war-with-china-how-can-dragon-retaliate/356169" rel="noopener nofollow" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #665ed0; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/opinion-with-app-ban-india-has-fired-first-salvo-in-trade-war-with-china-how-can-dragon-retaliate/356169</a></span></h3>
<h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4; margin: 2.4rem 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Even though Beijing has been indulging in a low-intensity trade war for over a decade, with rampant dumping of state subsidised products, it is only recently that India took the first big overt step towards this regard.</span></h3><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">With the banning of 59 Chinese mobile apps, the first salvo in the trade war between India and China has officially been fired by New Delhi. Even though Beijing has been indulging in a low-intensity trade war for over a decade, with rampant dumping of state subsidised products, it is only recently that India took the first big overt step towards this regard. However, the question that needs to be answered is why has China not upped the ante on the digital trade war by stopping selected imports from India? And what will China do to retaliate against apps ban, which the government says poses a threat to country’s security.</div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The answer to that question lies in the nature of trade between India and China. It is no secret that India largely exports raw materials to China and China provides value-added finished products to India. India’s exports to China consists of cotton yarn, which account for 12.17 per cent of total exports to the country, followed by iron ores and concentrates, including refined copper and copper alloys which account for 10.53 per cent and 6.98 per cent of exports respectively. India’s exports to China largely comprise of ores, slag and ash, iron and steel, plastics, organic chemicals, and cotton.</div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Indian imports from China consist of high value-added products including electronics, home products, construction material, phones, telecom equipment and so on.</div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This is the same trade template that was followed by the East India Company once it had political control over India, and it promptly went on to destroy the weaving industry in order to eliminate competition to low quality, large-scale textile coming from Britain. So, India would provide the raw materials for textiles and eventually for other products and, in return, would import low quality finished goods. In such a trade template, the trading partner that cuts off import of raw materials will be hit harder than the trading partner that is cutting off import of finished goods.</div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the context of apps, stopping the import of digital offerings, i.e apps which only have entertainment value, will have the least impact on downstream value chain. Of course, there will be some job loss in terms of those who provided content and the operational jobs, but it would not be a deep fundamental impact. Moreover, it is exactly what China did more than a decade ago to digital offerings from the West, that included Facebook, Amazon, Twitter, etc. and allowed domestic firms to rip-off the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) of these digital offerings and make local versions with additional local features. These local firms—Baidu, Tencent, Alibaba, Bytedance, etc. have now turned into global predatory digital companies and have continued their practice of scant regard for IPR in the local markets where they operate. </div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now if India stops the import of APIs needed for drug manufacturing, then it would be a different story, as it would decimate the entire Indian pharma industry and cause pain to the general public. So, in the short run, India will find it difficult to stop imports of raw materials such as APIs.</div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By the same token, China will find it difficult to stop raw material imports from India, unless they can be replaced by imports from another country.</div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">And that is the conundrum that China faces. Over the years, it has crafted a mighty wall of non-tariff trade barriers which are daunting for anyone who does not bring in IPR into their offerings. So, largely companies who were willing to let go off their IPR, through forced joint ventures with local Chinese partners, were allowed access to the Chinese market. It was as late at April 2018 that China finally removed restrictions on foreign automobile companies to have more than 50 per cent ownership of their operations in China. But then again, it was too little, too late, as by then, Chinese companies had leached out all the IPR of these foreign auto companies. Therefore, India’s IT and pharmaceutical companies have a mere toehold in China, as they do not bring in any differentiating IPR and have had to face the gauntlet of China’s mighty protectionist wall. Hence, even the initial Indian IT companies which were allowed to set base were more into training such as NIIT, which essentially makes it a raw material supplier.</div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So, Indian exporters kept hitting the wall of non-tariff trade barriers in China in their attempts to enter the Chinese market with value-added products. Such trade barriers include lack of information on customs procedures; imposition of excessive customs and other levies with frequent rate changes; complex customs valuation procedure; absence of a specified nodal agency; lack of transparency regarding technical standards; differentiated testing norms for imported and domestic products; unfamiliarity with regard to provincial rules and regulations; and frequent change in policies without any advance information.</div><div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The outcome is that China is largely an importer of raw materials from India, and hence, cutting off any supply from India will actually hit its own industries. And since China has rapidly and successfully antagonised almost all its trading partners, with Australia being the latest, it will find it difficult to replace these Indian imports with that of another country. Not that this will stop China from taking a mis-adventurous step in the trade war.</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; cursor: text; font-family: "source serif pro", serif; line-height: 3.2rem; margin-bottom: 3.2rem; margin-top: 3.2rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">Thus, it would be interesting to see what retaliatory steps China takes in the trade tangle. With wriggle room limited for the Dragon, can it take real retaliatory steps? That brings the thought that a Tiger is real, a Dragon is not.</span></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-6087241943099089152020-06-24T18:42:00.001+05:302020-06-24T18:42:11.246+05:30India-Australia Cybersecurity cooperation in context of deteriorating ge...<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sBdEkImUFWs" width="480"></iframe>Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-86461966236334689812020-06-17T10:31:00.001+05:302020-06-17T10:31:45.105+05:30Need to achieve Technological sovereignty<h3 style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1pt; margin: 10pt 0in 5pt 0.1in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.1in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;">First published in </span><a href="https://stratnewsglobal.com/technological-sovereignty-and-how-india-lacks-it/" style="text-align: left;">https://stratnewsglobal.com/technological-sovereignty-and-how-india-lacks-it/</a></h3><h3 style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1pt; margin: 10pt 0in 5pt 0.1in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.1in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></h3><h3 style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1pt; margin: 10pt 0in 5pt 0.1in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.1in;"><img alt="10 Advantages That Small Publishers Have Over Tech Giants in ..." src="https://mediashift.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Ellagrin-GettyImages-495011513.jpg" style="text-align: left;" /><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"> </span></h3><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Sovereignty is one of the cornerstones for ensuring the security of the country and ensures that India as a nation can stand up to pressures from other nations. Sovereignty is critical to ensure our economic independence.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">As India moves into occupying the space of an IT superpower, the ability of the ICT industry to provide the requisite technologies reliably for civilian requirements and for military requirements, needs to be significantly enhanced. The issue is compounded with the fact that India has limited presence at the high-stake tables of Digital standards. Standards has turned out to be a major stumbling block in the quest for technological sovereignty. Given that India, as of now, appears to have limited presence at the global forums on international digital standards, we appear to be abdicating our responsibility to secure our IT and digital industry as well as IT usage. This situation has very deep implications on our economy and our defence preparedness.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">With the lack of control over the technological layers, Indian economy and defense institutions will be challenged to protect the nation from Cyberwarfare.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">More importantly, military hardware itself could be subject to intrusions and control by adversaries, thanks to the increased “intelligence” of the equipment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Given that tactical initiatives on the ground need to be backed up with complex supply chain which are increasingly dependent on critical information infrastructure such as Railways Signaling, telecommunications network etc, the entire economy and military strategy could be threatened by compromising the critical information infrastructure which has non-authenticated ICT components.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">With the same “ICT intrusions”, the Financial Infrastructure of the country can be brought down, impacting the ability of the military to sustain a conventional warfare.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The impact on Network Centric Warfare is also obvious.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Thus, it is imperative that we move towards digital ecosystem which provides greater control over the digital infrastructure.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">More importantly, imagine the impact on the economy in general, and the defence logistics in particular, if the “.in” Top Level Domain (TLD) is deleted from the Internet root servers. Such a move would cripple the economy and severely restrict the ability of the Indian defence forces to respond to a strategic situation. It would be worthwhile to mention at this stage that India has minimal control, if not no control, over the root servers. In other words, India has no technological sovereignty over the theatre where cyber warfare gets played out. Thus, an obvious way forward for India as a nation is to build the ecosystem of technological sovereignty which will strengthen its capability.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">There is also an increased threat to Technological Sovereignty from Digital Monopolies that control vast amounts of data pertaining to the country, the citizens and the businesses. It is important to address the threat to Technological Sovereignty from Digital Monopolies. This is especially true of Digital Utilities that are widespread, are ubiquitously used and that benefit from network effect an hence become natural monopolies. Since these Digital Utilities operate in an over-the-top manner, where they ride on regulated utilities but the apps themselves are unregulated, they pose a significant threat to India’s security and internal law and order. Digital monopolies that are originate from nations that pose themselves in an adversarial manner to India’s interests are especially worrisome. Among the top 20 apps used in India, one can easily identify TikTok, Likee, UC Browser, Helo, VMate ans ShareIT as apps that are present in most phones in India and that could easily by used to create inimical situations for India.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The impact of polices, regulatory frameworks and standards on technology sovereignty is critical for the growth of the Digital economy as well as the larger economy linked to the digital economy. Digital Economy permeates into all aspects of a modern society, from agriculture to education to health and industry. Therefore, it is imperative to have an appropriate policy framework for technology sovereignty, especially for the Digital Economy. India would need to gain technologies that are not necessarily Frontier Technologies but are critical from the perspective of Technological Sovereignty.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-7562654619991537332020-06-01T11:19:00.001+05:302020-06-01T11:19:27.743+05:30Scenarios of Covid recovery and path to growth<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/z9Zd6v_G8pU" width="480"></iframe>Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-24720474002677023322020-05-30T17:28:00.002+05:302020-05-30T17:28:14.158+05:30China Virus and its impact on Digital Economy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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First published in <a href="https://stratnewsglobal.com/china-virus-and-its-impact-on-digital-economy/" target="_blank">StratNews Global</a> <a href="https://stratnewsglobal.com/china-virus-and-its-impact-on-digital-economy/">https://stratnewsglobal.com/china-virus-and-its-impact-on-digital-economy/</a><br />
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As the China virus globally ravages people’s lives and the economy, and as more than 50% of the people on this planet are in a lockdown, the virus has had a deep impact on the digital economy. For starters, people have moved towards a more digital approach to work and life. A cultural change that would have required atleast a decade, if not more, has happened in a few weeks’ time.<o:p></o:p></div>
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As per Forbes, by March 25, internet usage had gone up by 70% in US. And this is mostly a pre-lockdown stage data. As per Ookla, the internet speed-test company, except for China, all countries had a significant dip in either their mobile internet speeds or their fixed line internet speeds or both, as more people suddenly started consuming more bandwidth. This shows the massive uptake of online activities post global lockdown.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The data also shows that perhaps China was already well prepared for the virus as it is the only country whose mobile internet and fixed line internet speeds actually went up considerably. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Students (millennials) are now getting lessons online, which also implies that whenever they start going to school, and the school shuts for unforeseen reasons such as heat wave or pollution, students will continue with their classes online from home, seamlessly. The same applies to many professions and life in general, where online meetings, online business deals, online trainings, online concerts and webinars have all become much more acceptable. <o:p></o:p></div>
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This is the shift that has led to increase of internet data consumption. Interestingly, the Internet Protocol was developed in a manner that it could survive a nuclear attack, where the internet gets splintered and can still function. Its robustness and reliability is now getting tested under a different kind of attack – a biological virus attack. Thankfully, the internet is being able to largely scale up, inspite of the significant increase in data consumption, thanks to all the video streaming applications such as software web conferencing to streaming movies and series.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The data usage is also reflected in the stock prices. Stock prices of software web conferencing company, Zoom, went up by 2.5 times since the pandemic started, and then dipped on revelations of the company routing calls and user data to China. Zoom was founded by a Chinese American. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The crisis has also led to growth of other web conferencing software providers including recent startups such as Loom. There is an increased usage of document signing solutions such as DocuSign and HelloSign, whose usage is up by 5x. Even open source solutions such as FalsiScan has had a significant jump in usage. In fact most SAAS (cloud hosted) offerings has seen an uptick in usage.<o:p></o:p></div>
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However, the impact on hardware manufacturers, has been to say the least, hard. In India alone, mobile handset manufacturers stare at a Rs 15,000 crore production loss. There is similar impact on laptop and PC manufacturers. Atleast 2 month’s worth of sales has been impacted, and there is more expected due to the economy having an overall -5% to -6% contraction, accompanied with significant job losses. Needless to say, the stocks of hardware manufacturers globally is significantly down.<o:p></o:p></div>
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There has been similar losses for software companies that do not have SAAS based offerings, that is, their offerings are not hosted on cloud. It is ofcourse expected as with reduced sale of hardware, software sales will also have an impact.<o:p></o:p></div>
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However, one class of apps that are not tracked, and have shown significant uptake, are the predatory apps such as <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Bigo Live, Likee, TikTok etc. Bigo Live is a live streaming app that has recruiters hiring young women from across India and encourages them to titillate viewers at a cost and takes a high share of money that is earned. Likee is a similar app and both are Chinese origin with the money getting sucked out to China. TikTok is already banned by the US military but has proliferated even more during the lockdown. They pose myriad challenges, including potential honey-trapping in the military and violation of RBI norms.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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But the hardest impact of the China virus has been the exacerbation of the digital divide. Those who are digitally enabled, are able to continue with their lives and their livelihoods in a significantly better manner than those who are not digitally enabled. Thus students who have access to the digital infrastructure, are continuing with their education as opposed to students in large parts of India, Africa and other places, who do not necessarily have the requisite digital infrastructure. Similarly, many of the white collared workers who are digitally enabled, are continuing to be productive, whereas blue collared workers are facing the prospects of loss of income and livelihood. The virus is ripping apart the social fabric which will have a deeper impact on the global economy in future, as the digital have-nots will not be able to compete in future due to lack of access, leading to lack of appropriate skills.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-49094859645469876882020-05-30T17:25:00.005+05:302020-05-30T17:25:47.845+05:30Managing businesses in the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-family: "Source Serif Pro", serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">First Published by <a href="http://www.iimcip.org/resource/entrepreneur-speaks-7/" target="_blank">IIM Calcutta Innovation Park</a> in </span><a href="http://www.iimcip.org/resource/entrepreneur-speaks-7/" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #665ed0; font-family: "Source Serif Pro", serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: baseline; widows: 2;" target="_blank">http://www.iimcip.org/resource/entrepreneur-speaks-7/</a><br />
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We are going through unprecedented times, where the COVID-19 virus has brought our economy, our businesses and our way of life down to our knees. It has disrupted supply chains, demolished demand in short term, evaporated jobs, especially blue collared jobs, decimated balance sheets and fundamentally changed how employees work and interact.<o:p></o:p></div>
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However, it has also provided multiple opportunities. It has provided the opportunity to become significantly more efficient by adopting techniques such as WFH (Work From Home) in a more permanent bases, and its collateral benefit of Reduced Travel as the acceptability of closing deals through video conferencing has gone up. It would not only reduce cost of doing business, but also save commute time and reduce carbon footprint of businesses. Which also means that there will be a long-term effect on airlines as they would face a reduced demand even after the pandemic is over.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The question really is, how do businesses and startups manage this pandemic. TO being with, each business should form a coordinating body or what I would prefer to call a War room that will address immediate challenges such as employee morale, cash flow management, customer/ client outreach and ensuring business continuity. It would also work out the modalities for post lockdown working protocols. No company should immediately get all its employees coming to office, especially critical employees, since if they get infected, it will impact the company significantly. Rostering systems need to be worked out so that the same batch of employees come at the same time and do not mix up with another batch of employees.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The war room would then need to address near-term challenges, including Cash management, future lockdowns, safe environment protocol etc. It will also have to work out how the organization returns back to BAU (Business as Usual) and also, what will the new BAU look like? If we have been able to successfully work from home, do we still need all employees to come to office or can we reduce office space requirement and get some people to continue to work from home?<o:p></o:p></div>
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The war room would also have to therefore envision new processes for the new BAU and also work out new business models as opportunities that the disruption will present. It would also look at restructuring the capital structure and perhaps retire some of the high cost debt and borrow from the current market that is offering a much lower cost debt. It should also look at possibility of buying out other businesses that are available cheap now and also look at acquiring technologies that are now available cheap.<o:p></o:p></div>
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And lastly, the war room should have an investor outreach program to ensure that your investors are on-board with the fast pace of changes that your company will go through.<o:p></o:p></div>
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This is an excellent opportunity or organizations to emerge as more competitive entities that will go out and win more market segments and more market share.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-55050878171862619062020-04-02T08:11:00.001+05:302020-04-02T08:11:39.395+05:30Economic impact of Coronavirus - করোনায় না হলেও আর্থিক দুরবস্থায় মৃত্যু বাড়বে দেশে, জানাচ্ছেন ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য<div>First published in https://prohor.in/interview-of-dr-jaijit-bhattacharya-on-indian-economy/</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div></div><div><p>সেন্টার ফর ডিজিটাল ইকনমি পলিসি রিসার্চ’-এর প্রেসিডেন্ট তিনি। দেশজুড়ে লকডাউনের এই পরিস্থিতিতে আর সকলের মতোই চিন্তিত। কী ভবিষ্যৎ রয়েছে আমাদের সামনে? দেশের অর্থনীতি কি ঘুরে দাঁড়াতে পারবে? নাকি বাড়বে আরও দুর্দশা? আমেরিকা-চিন সম্পর্ক নিয়েই বা কী ভাবছেন? নিজের চিন্তা ও মতামত জানালেন ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য। শুনল প্রহর…</p><p><strong>দেশ তথা পৃথিবীব্যাপী করোনা সংক্রমণের জেরে সবকিছু লকড ডাউন। অর্থনীতি ও মানুষের জীবনের উপর এর প্রভাব সম্পর্কে কী বলবেন?</strong></p><p>ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য : প্রথমত, আমার ধারণা অনুযায়ী অন্তত তিন মাস বড়ো বড়ো কোম্পানিগুলিকে কাজ না করিয়ে বেতন দিতে হবে, অর্থাৎ বছরের ১/৩ ভাগে কোনো উৎপাদন না থাকলেও ব্যয় থাকবে। এই সময় চুক্তিভিত্তিক শ্রমিক কর্মচারীদের বেতন দেওয়ার সামর্থ্য হয়তো কোম্পানিগুলির থাকবে না। ফলে বিপুল সংখ্যক মানুষ, যারা অর্থনৈতিক ভাবে দুর্দশাগ্রস্ত, তাদের আয় বন্ধ হয়ে যাবে। ফলে ভাইরাস সংক্রমণে না হলেও আর্থিক দুরবস্থায় বেশ কিছু মৃত্যু হবে।</p><p>দ্বিতীয়ত, RBI হয়তো কিছু ঋণ পরিশোধের সময়সীমা পিছিয়ে দিয়েছে, কিন্তু তার সুযোগ ছোটো শিল্পগুলির কাছে আসবে না। দেরিতে হলেও ঋণ শোধ তো করতেই হবে, উৎপাদন না হলে তখন অসুবিধায় পড়বে সংস্থাগুলি।<br>তৃতীয়ত, ১৯১৮ সালের স্প্যানিশ ফ্লু-র সময় মানুষ খাবার ঠিকমতো পায়নি, এখন হয়তো খাবার আগের তুলনায় পর্যাপ্ত, কিন্তু জনসংখ্যাও বেড়ে গেছে।<br>তবে, লকডাউনের বিকল্প নেই, কারণ তা না হলে ভাইরাস সংক্রমণে গুণোত্তর প্রগতিতে মানুষের মৃত্যু হবে।</p><p><strong>আমরা দেখছি, দিল্লিতে অসংগঠিত শ্রমিকেরা কীভাবে বাড়ি ফিরতে চাইছেন, শহর থেকে গ্রামে, এ-প্রসঙ্গে কিছু বলবেন?</strong></p><p>ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য : গ্রামগুলি এখন জনবহুল, যারা ফিরছে তারা পর্যাপ্ত খাবার পাবে কিনা সন্দেহ। আর যারা ঘরে ফিরছে, শুধু দিল্লি না, ভারতের সমস্ত জায়গা থেকে, তারা আবার লকডাউন উঠলেই কর্মক্ষেত্রে ফিরবেন না বলেই মনে হয়। ফলে অর্থনীতি বেশ কিছুদিন স্থগিত হয়ে থাকবে। আর গ্রামে যদি ভাইরাস সংক্রমণ হয় চাষবাসে তার প্রভাব পড়বে, ফলে পরিস্থিতি আরো খারাপ হবে। ১৯১৮-তে স্প্যানিশ ফ্লুতে ১৪ মিলিয়ন মানুষ মারা গেছিলেন, তা-ও তখন জনসংখ্যা এখনকার ১/৭ অংশ ছিল। এই মানুষেরা ঘরে ফিরলে লকডাউনের সময়সীমা বাড়ানো দরকার। অর্থনীতি আর কতটা সহ্য করতে পারবে সে সম্পর্কে আমি সন্দিহান। গরম পড়লে ভাইরাস নিষ্ক্রিয় হবে কিনা জানি না, নয়তো দেশ বড় আর্থিক সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হবে।</p><p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>আরও পড়ুন</strong><br><a href="https://prohor.in/136-million-likely-to-lose-job-in-india/">লকডাউন পেরোলে কাজ হারাতে পারেন ভারতের ১৩ কোটি মানুষ!</a></p><p><strong>আপনার মতে করোনা পরবর্তী সময়ে কী পরিবর্তন আসতে পারে?</strong></p><p>ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য : অটোমেশনের চাহিদা বাড়তে পারে, মানে আমাদের কাজগুলি যন্ত্রনির্ভর হয়ে পড়তে পারে আরো বেশি মাত্রায়। এমনকি ঘরের কাজেও যন্ত্রমানব ব্যবহার হতে পারে। এই সময় এটা প্রমাণিত যে অনেক কাজ আমরা নিজেরাই করে নিতে পারি, কম্পানিগুলি ওয়র্ক ফ্রম হোম নীতিতেই প্রচুর কাজ করিয়ে নিতে পারে, সেক্ষেত্রে বড় অফিস এবং অফিস সংক্রান্ত প্রচুর নিয়োগ না করলেও চলে। এভাবে সকলে ভাবলে আবার ওই আর্থিক ভাবে দুর্বল শ্রেণীর উপরেই কোপ এসে পড়ে। আসলে ভারতে তরুণ জনসংখ্যা কোরিয়া, চিনের মতই বেশি, কিন্তু ওই দেশগুলির মত শিক্ষার প্রসার নেই। যদি থাকত তাহলে আমরা সারা পৃথিবীর যন্ত্রনির্ভরতার সুযোগ নিতে পারতাম।</p><p><strong>তবে কি কৃষিভিত্তিক হওয়ার দরুণ ভারতীয় অর্থনীতি আরো অসুবিধায় পড়বে?</strong></p><p>ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য : একটি দেশ বিশ্ব অর্থনীতিতে শক্তিশালী হিসাবে চিহ্নিত হয় তার প্রযুক্তি, আবিষ্কার ইত্যাদির ক্ষমতা অনুযায়ী। ভারতে মানব সম্পদের প্রতি কোনো গুরুত্বই আরোপ করা হয়নি, না সরকার শিক্ষার ব্যবস্থা করেছে, না বেসরকারি ক্ষেত্রকে সুযোগ দিয়েছে, এর ফল যা হওয়ার তাই হয়েছে, ভারত পিছিয়ে পড়েছে প্রযুক্তি, গবেষণা ও আবিষ্কারের ক্ষেত্রে। জাপান যেভাবে তার মানবসম্পদকে ব্যবহার করেছে তা শিক্ষণীয়। তবে ভারতে যেমন সুন্দর ভাবে লক ডাউনের মত বিশাল আদেশ পালন করানো গেছে, চিনে তা করানো যায়নি। কাজেই এ-কথা বলা যেতেই পারে, ভারতীয় মানবসম্পদের প্রচুর সম্ভাবনা আছে, তাদের তৈরি করে সুযোগ দিতে হবে।</p><p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>আরও পড়ুন</strong><br><a href="https://prohor.in/about-11-million-people-could-be-driven-into-poverty-due-corona-says-world-bank/">দারিদ্র্যের সম্মুখীন হতে পারেন ১১ মিলিয়ন মানুষ, ওয়ার্ল্ড ব্যাঙ্কের রিপোর্টে চাঞ্চল্য</a></p><p><strong>ভারতীয় সরকারের কাজ সম্পর্কে কী বলবেন?</strong></p><p>ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য : খুব সুন্দর ভাবে ধাপে ধাপে লক ডাউনের দিকে এগিয়েছে। থালা বাজানোর ফলে যে মানুষটি টিভি, রেডিও কখনও দেখেনি সেও করোনা সম্পর্কে জানতে পেরেছে, তৈরি হতে পেরেছে। ভারতের কোনো লুকোছাপা নেই করোনা মোকাবিলায়।</p><p><strong>করোনা পরবর্তী সময়ে কি চিন মহাশক্তি হতে যাচ্ছে?</strong></p><p>ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য : চিন আগেও উৎপাদনের ভরকেন্দ্র ছিল, ভবিষ্যতেও থাকবে। ভিয়েতনাম, ফিলিপিন্স, ইন্দোনেশিয়া, ইতালি-এরা আগেও চিন-নির্ভর ছিল, এখনও তাই। যোগান শৃঙ্খল, সুবিধাজনক কর কাঠামো, সুলভ উৎপাদন ক্ষেত্র ও মানব সম্পদ যে দেশে থাকবে সে-ই ভাল উৎপাদক হতে পারে। এগুলি সব চিনের আছে, ভারতের থাকলে সে-ও পারবে। তবে আগামী দশকের মধ্যে চিনকে সরিয়ে ইন্দোনেশিয়া, ফিলিপিন্স ও ভিয়েতনাম উৎপাদন ক্ষেত্রে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ জায়গা নেবে।</p><p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>আরও পড়ুন</strong><br><a href="https://prohor.in/identity-of-the-viral-man-of-kolkata/">পেশায় শ্রমিক, মাটি কাটছেন ভরদুপুরে, বিকল্প জীবিকার আর্জি ভাইরাল ‘চা-কাকু’র</a></p><p><strong>ইউ এস-চিন সম্পর্ক নিয়ে কিছু বলবেন?</strong></p><p>ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য : এদের সম্পর্ক কখনওই খুব ভালো নয়। অনেক ধরণের জটিল রাজনীতি রয়েছে এর মধ্যে। এককথায়। চিনকে আমেরিকার ফ্রাঙ্কেনস্টাইন বলা যায়। দেশদুটি অর্থনৈতিক এক প্রকার যুদ্ধে রত।</p><p><strong>আমাদের শেষ প্রশ্ন, আমরা দেখেছি মানুষ বারবার ঘুরে দাঁড়িয়েছে, এই অতিমারীর পরেও কি দাঁড়াবে? আপনার কী মনে হয়?</strong></p><p>ডঃ জয়জিৎ ভট্টাচার্য : হ্যাঁ, দাঁড়াবে তো নিশ্চয়ই, তবে কীভাবে, তা কঠিন প্রশ্ন। আবার অন্য অতিমারী আসবে কিনা, কীভাবে আসবে সবটাই অনিশ্চিত। আমরা যে ভাবে সমস্ত বন্য পশুপ্রাণীকে পণ্যজাত করেছিলাম তা নিয়ে ভাবার সময় এসেছে, পুরোনো অভ্যাস, সুসংস্কারগুলি নিয়ে ভেবে প্রয়োজনানুযায়ী ফিরিয়ে আনার সময় হয়েছে বোধহয়।</p></div>Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-56408214962922832982020-03-22T09:28:00.004+05:302020-03-22T09:28:53.010+05:30Policy interventions for ushering the Future of Work<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
First published in ET Government on March 18, 2020<br />
<a href="https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/technology/policy-interventions-for-ushering-the-future-of-work/74684063">https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/technology/policy-interventions-for-ushering-the-future-of-work/74684063</a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">Covid-19, popularly referred to as novel </span><a href="https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/tag/coronavirus" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b6dad; cursor: pointer; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Coronavirus</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">, is having deep unintended impact on changing how we live and how we work. Concepts of “social distancing” and “flattening the curve” have quickly become part of lingua franca as well as influencing how we are reorganizing work, albeit with the view that this is going to be a temporary arrangement. This has led to “WFH” or </span><a href="https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/tag/work+from+home" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b6dad; cursor: pointer; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Work from Home</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;"> coming back in fashion with a vengeance, after the epic dalliance with the concept by companies ranging from HP to Yahoo, with Yahoo famously abandoning the WFH concept in 2013, in a bombshell announcement by their then CEO, </span><a href="https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/tag/marissa+mayer" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b6dad; cursor: pointer; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Marissa Mayer</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">However, WFH has clearly come of age, with high bandwidth communication infrastructure becoming ubiquitous and af</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="m_-6672959043477638592_m_-7857116083892809359__GoBack" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b6dad; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">fordable. Most homes of white collared workers in the metros have sufficient broadband to support acceptable quality on-demand video-conferencing on regular general-purpose laptops, PC’s and smartphones. WFH has tremendous potential to reduce traffic, thus significantly reducing air pollution and in general, improving work-life balance by cutting down on travel. It would therefore, also contribute to increasing national productivity by using the commute time more productively. In fact, in the age-old adage that there is a competition between communication and transportation, we could almost say that communication is winning, as it would substantially reduce work-related transportation. This is only going to become even more true, with the impending rollout of 5G connectivity.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />However, for this change to make a permanent impact and not be ephemeral, there are substantial regulatory and policy issues that would need to be aligned. To begin with, one has to define liabilities more aggressively. What if there is a broadband outage at a tech worker’s home, that leads to failure of a mission critical system that was being monitored by the tech worker, that in turn leads to massive losses or death? Who would bear the liability of such an event? Or for even simpler cases where an organization ends up losing a deal because a key senior executive could not participate in a video conferencing due to broadband outage? What should be the Service Level Agreements and what should be the regulatory framework that would enable assurance to organizations whose key workers move to a WFH regime?<br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />How does an organization manage confidentiality clauses and data protection clauses when the data is reaching to workers who are working from outside the premises of the company? There are of course security tools to ensure that the data cannot be taken away from the company issued laptops and devices, but what if the data is simply taken as pictures from the screen of the laptop and then an OCR is run on top of such pictures? How does an organization ensure that its employees are adhering to the contracts that the organization has signed up to. What would be the safe harbor provisions that an organization can enjoy under such situations where the employee, outside the premises of the organization, indulges in data related malpractices?<br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />This would also imply that many of the existing contracts with customers and clients would need to undergo significant changes, especially on the data related clauses, where data would need to travel outside the office premises, to the homes of designated workers, if we need to transition to a </a><a href="https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/tag/wfh+economy" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b6dad; cursor: pointer; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">WFH economy</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">Both organizations and government would need to roll out incentives to support WFH, which not only saves precious dollars for the organization by reducing office real estate requirements, but also reduces national costs by increasing the use of existing assets (worker’s home), while reducing usage of precious imported petroleum. Hence, new frameworks need to be evolved where organizations compensate the worker for working from home and for additional expenses at home such as electricity usage, telecom usage, office supplies etc. It should be ensured that such compensation does not attract any kind of taxes, direct or indirect. It would also imply, that definition of residential zones would need to be fine-tuned to ensure that such work practices are not construed to be in violation of the local government’s zoning regulations.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">WFH would lead to creation of new types of local industries that support WFH, such as services for local high-speed printers, local meeting rooms, services for delivering samples/ printouts from one WFH worker to another WFH worker etc. HR departments would need to evolve to manage the complexities arising out of such WFH practices. For example, how would HR notice abuse of power by managers? How would client interactions happen?</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">We have indeed been rapidly pushed into a bold new world by the advent of the unwelcome pandemic. We would need to now quickly work out the mechanisms to make this regime work in a much more stable and sustainable manner and the government regulatory framework and policies would either make India a leader in WFH or would leave the country gasping to catch up with the rest of the world.</span></div>
Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-23178613832644824152020-02-16T10:53:00.004+05:302020-02-16T10:53:38.316+05:30Caselet of India Vision 2035: Agriculture<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Harjinder Kaur came from a family of farmers but was now the only one among her extended family to still do farming. She had done her masters in agriculture and was skilled in using the government and private sector systems and technologies to manage over a thousand acres of farmland. Ofcourse, only a small part of the thousand acres was her own, the rest is what she had contracted through the model contract act through the online government portal. Her family and other farmers had given their land to Harjinder for farming. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Harjinder started her day by checking on the exception alerts coming from the array of sensors in her farm and from the cattle and chickens that she was rearing. She also got the analysis of her farm from the images taken from the Agricultural Drone company that was contracted by the government to take periodic check on farms in Punjab, which also provided early warning to the government on spread of pests and animal diseases. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Harjinder also had to take a call on what to plant in a new part of her farm. She quickly checked the prices of various agricultural crops in the futures market, then checked on the database of how much of each agricultural crop has been already planted in the country and globally and then took advice from the AI system to decide what crop to plant so as to get the best returns. As she decided on her planting, she saw the autonomic tractor humming at a distance, ensuring that every inch of the farm is utilized by leveraging GPS and other data, while her micro-irrigation system that was hooked on to the precision farming system, continued to provide just the right amount of water to every part of her farm. The farm equipment came to her from the equipment-sharing company that was hooked to a government system that provide the backend to all such systems. And then she got an alarm from the systems that a tiny part of her farm that was producing cotton, has just been infected by pink ball worm. She took immediate action to contain the situation using the correct pesticides, so that only a small part of her crops got exposed to pesticides.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">She ended her day thanking the background systems that helped her orchestrate her farming in a seamless manner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-89911033162481009542020-02-02T11:52:00.003+05:302020-02-02T11:52:30.979+05:30Caselet of India Vision 2035: Education<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Meenakshi was doing well in 7th grade in her school but she had developed a sudden interest in hyperbolic geometry. While her robotic teacher was good in handling regular queries in the class, it was not programmed to provide special interest classes as that would disturb the rest of the class. The government had taken an early decision to develop silicone based robotic teachers that looked very real to children, driven by AI, to aide in teaching as clearly, it was impossible to churn out high quality teachers for the 200 million students of the country. In addition, there was a challenge to provide high quality higher education, vocational education and continuing education to a large population, that was hungry for education in a world where skills were getting outdated fast.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">However, in this case, Meenakshi needed support from an expert in hyperbolic geometry, who could guide her to write her research paper on the ideas that she had developed. The National Education System, which powered the robotic teachers, automatically assigned her to Prof. Mithi in Itanagar, a world-renowned scientist in hyperbolic geometry. Prof. Mithi has been mentoring a few students who came from India, Egypt and Uzbekistan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">In a few months, Meenakshi’s research paper on hyberbolic geometry was published in the National Online Open Journal as well as in the renowned Journal of Geometrical Calculations. Her research could be accessed freely by other students in India.</span></div>
Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-79222312936742642282020-01-19T20:40:00.005+05:302020-01-19T20:41:15.010+05:30Caselet of India Vision 2035: Healthcare<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Jamuna Tudu was wearing the bio-sensor vest as she was overseeing her agricultural patch in Armo in Jharkhand. Jamuna was expecting and so the monitoring vest given to her by the PHC at Bermo. She was thinking about names to keep for the baby when she got a call from the Centralized Health Monitoring System that informed her that her vitals indicated she will be delivering soon and should move to the PHC. Her nominated ASHA worker and family also received a similar call, thanks to the AI system that was monitoring over 100 m expectant mothers and senior citizens on a continuous real-time basis, over a complex 7G mobile and satellite system. By the time she reached the local PHC, she received request for consent for the PHC doctors to access her medical records that were stored in the national health system. Her verbal consent over the phone ensured that the PHC was ready with all the medical information required to aid her in her delivery. It turned out that Jamuna had a special condition for which the Medical AI system recommended an expert opinion from Dr. Aleem, who was based out of Dhaka. </div>
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Dr. Aleem specialized in the genotypes of the sub-population that Jamuna came from. Thanks to the trans-national medical interchange system built, it took a few minutes for Dr. Aleem to get into the records of Jamuna to provide his expert opinion on the medical situation. It turned out that Dr. Aleem would have to do an immediate procedure on Jamuna, which he immediately initiated using the remote robotic systems that allowed him to control the robotic surgeon at the PHC at Bermo. Thanks to the IT standards that have been agreed upon between the south Asian countries, it was seamless for Dr. Aleem to do the remote robotic procedure from Dhaka. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The day ended with Jamuna being a proud mother of a healthy baby. </div>
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Needless to say, the local school systems were automatically informed of a child who will join their school in four years’ time. In the meantime, Jamuna continued to get regular reminders for her child’s inoculation from the Central health System as part of the Cognitive Nation initiative.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-54162133539875532392020-01-18T09:01:00.001+05:302020-01-18T09:07:25.909+05:30Caselet of India Vision 2035: Blue Collared worker<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: rgba(0 , 0 , 0 , 0.74902); font-family: "source serif pro" , serif;">Hargovind had taken up vocational training early in his career and took pride in being a blue-collared worked. He especially liked cleaning the drains of Delhi. So on new year day in 2035, he got up late to go for work and the city systems informed him of potential drain clogs detected. He did a quick visual inspection of the drains in the NDMC area using the built-in cameras and notices that the revelers of previous night and thrown in paper plates and paper spoons into the drains, with possibility of clogging them. Hargovind eased himself into his chair and remotely activated the mechanical cleaning “snake” that would slither into the drains and start cleaning up the material that would clog them. As the “mechanical snake” pumped out the bio-degradable clogging material from the drains, it got ferried straight into the micro-STP nearby which would convert the material into cooking gas for the nearby restaurants and into fertilizers for the NDMC maintained parks.</span><br />
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<span style="color: rgba(0 , 0 , 0 , 0.74902); font-family: "source serif pro" , serif;">Hargovind thanked the prescient government for setting up the technical orchestration that helped cameras, sensors, robots and communication technologies to help him accomplish his job without getting into the drain as his predecessors would do.</span></div>
Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-10995873904481416372020-01-12T18:43:00.001+05:302020-01-12T21:54:26.564+05:30India Vision 2035: White-collar Workspace<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17.600000381469727px;">In 2035, India and the world would have fast moved into the gig economy playing a considerable role. So when Nazia, a digital supply chain expert, got a mandate from a leading FMCG company to re-design their hybrid supply chain within the next 2 months, she quickly put together the details of the kind the people she would need to deliver on the project. She then opened up a project in one of her preferred online systems which in turn was linked to the national human resource database, that was hosted by the government. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17.600000381469727px;">In the next 10 minutes, with the help of AI-aided systems, she could identify the right set of people who will join her project, fix their rates and schedule the project workplan. Nazia was able to finish off her project within the 2 months with a team of 7 people whom she never met face to face, and was aided by the online systems, processes and open data available from private sector, institutions and the government, including anonymous taxation data, that helped her design an extremely optimized supply chain for her client. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17.600000381469727px;">Her system would contribute to increasing the efficiency of the national economy.</span></div>
Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-44203217437723709522019-11-26T21:14:00.000+05:302019-11-26T21:14:03.570+05:30India Vision 2035: Vision Ease of Living<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u>Caselets of how India should be in Year 2035</u></b></div>
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After a night of celebrations on 31st Dec 2034, Aayush was scheduled to fly early morning from New Delhi to Bengaluru at 7:00 AM. He was reluctant to wake up early and was not sure if the flight will be on time due to weather conditions. He went off to sleep instructing his phone to wake him in time to catch the flight. As the case was, the flight did get delayed by 2 hours due to weather conditions and Ayush’s phone connected to the national flight system to get the information of the delay. So the phone woke up Ashish 2 hours later. The phone also plugged into the realtime city road congestion system and figured out that there is very little traffic in the city, as was expected on a new year day, and so automatically ordered for an autonomous cab to ferry Ayush from his home to the nearest metro, for Ayush to catch his flight on time.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ayush was able to optimize his time and increase productivity while have a better quality of life by using the systems of a Cognitive Nation and a India Middleware.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-91925335738503060802019-11-24T22:20:00.002+05:302019-11-24T22:20:22.871+05:30The Issue of Internet Governance<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">The Internet is a critical socio-economic enabler, which has deep impact on the economy, social order, law and order and the fabric of the nation itself. Its impact is only going to amplify as we move forward, especially when things start getting connected to each other and when the next generation of the Internet, IPV6 enabled Internet, starts getting rolled out. It would imply that your automobile can get connected to the cloud computing facility of the manufacturer for automatic analytics of the health of the automobile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">As per some estimates (refer note on Internet Governance at IIGF, New Delhi), the number of Internet-connected devices globally crossed 6 billion in 2011, and is expected to reach 15 billion, twice the size of the world’s population, before 2016. More than 6 billion mobile phone subscriptions are in use today, and the number is expected to cross 8 billion by 2016.<span> </span>Mobile data traffic reached 597 petabytes in 2011, twice the amount of 2010, and is estimated to cross 10 exabytes by 2016. Broadband subscribers, estimated at 1 billion in 2011, are forecast to grow at 40% per annum, and reach 3.5 billion in 2016. As a large part of the growth is to take place in the developing countries of Asia, India can be expected to be a major component and beneficiary of this growth trajectory.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">The Internet started as a means of sharing information amongst scientist working in different institutions. From that, it is becoming – if not already become --the communications backbone of the world. It is a major economic driver, provides banking and other financial services to world’s business, provides a global market place and is replacing the conventional print and visual media. Internet is now ubiquitous in today’s world. Cutting off an enterprise or a country from the internet would have severe consequences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">This of course immediately also brings out the dangers that are emerging in such an interconnected world. The Internet can be used to bring down the telecommunications network of different countries, its banks and even its’ power grid. In Iran, we have seen the use of cyber weapons by the US and Israel taking out physically 10,000 centrifuges. If this had been done using a missile, it would have been considered an act of war. How should we then look at the Internet – also as a strategic space which then country’s need to protect? (ref. </span><a href="http://newsclick.in/india/internet-governance-and-itu-issues-baku-and-dubai" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">http://newsclick.in/india/internet-governance-and-itu-issues-baku-and-dubai</span></a><span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;"> by Prabir Purkayastha)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">Therefore, a clear governance structure for the Internet, that is aligned to the long-term growth of the Internet and that is aligned to the interests of the economy and national security, is necessary for a healthy socio-economic functioning of a modern economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">Internet Governance includes, but is not limited to, the following key issues:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">[I] infrastructure and management of critical internet resources, including administration of the domain name system and Internet protocol addresses, administration of the root server system, technical standards, network neutrality, and multilingualisation; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">[ii] issues in the use of the Internet, including spam, network security and cybercrime; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">[iii] issues of wider impact such as Intellectual Property Rights [IPRs], freedom of expression, data protection and privacy rights, consumer rights and International Trade; and, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">[iv] developmental aspects, in particular, capacity-building.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">From a socio-economic perspective, it impacts issues such as sovereignty over the Internet/ Free usage of Internet and interconnects, issues of Transborder data exchange and therefore its impact on Cloud Computing, issues of Data protection, the freedom of Internet, privacy, cyberwarfare and the issue of<span> </span>global ban on use of Cyberweapons and cybersecurity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">Under the existing system of Internet governance, the International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers [ICANN] performs two principal functions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #303030; font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">The Internet Assigned Names Authority [IANA] function whereby it controls entries to the authoritative Root Zone File of the Internet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #303030; font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">The management of the Domain Name System [DNS] and the allocation of Top Level Domain [TLD] names. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #303030; font-family: Cambria, serif;">The function of allocation of TLD has been recently renewed as a perpetual contract, known as the Affirmation of Commitments between ICANN and the US Government. The IANA function has also been renewed for a seven-year period beginning 01 October 2012. The IANA function is overseen by the National Telecommunication and Information Administration under the US Department of Commerce. Technical standards are set by the Internet Engineering Task Force [IETF]. The central elements of the Internet's logical infrastructure, also called Critical Internet Resources, thus continue to be managed by private entities such as ICANN and IANA under contractual arrangements with the US Government (refer note on Internet Governance at IIGF, New Delhi.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">The United Nations established the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) in 2005 to discuss the issues of Global Internet Governance. However, UN/IGF does not have the organisational structure or the mandate to agree on decisions and the enforcement mechanism to implement them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">There is therefore an urgent need to bring in participation by Governments, especially from the developing countries, in order to establish a multilateral, transparent and democratic Internet governance mechanism that functions with the full involvement of Governments, the private sector, civil society and international organizations, without according a pre-eminent role to any single Government or organization. Government of India is hence rightly formulating the policies for engaging in the reforms process required for a global participative Internet Governance structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-67401657184270414002019-11-24T22:01:00.001+05:302019-11-24T22:01:08.015+05:30The Concept of Critical Digital Infrastructure <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Digital is having an increasing impact on the three aspects of national security – (a) internal security, (b) external security and (c) personal security<o:p></o:p></div>
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India has faced a series of internal security challenges that has emanated from the digital world. Such challenges include spreading of rumours that led to significant law and order situations that led to lynching and death of many. Digital has the power to spread misinformation in an explosive manner, and in very short period of time. Digital also has the ability to bring down Critical Information Infrastructure.<o:p></o:p></div>
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However, more importantly, we have reached a stage where many digital services such as mapping, social media, e-commerce etc have become digital utilities which, if affected, can lead to loss of jobs and disruption in the economy. Imagine if Google maps is suddenly withdrawn from India. It will impact the app based cab industry and would render millions jobless. Similarly, if WhatsApp stops working, it will disrupt many business models and impact normal day to day life.</div>
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Hence, we can safely label such digital utilities as Critical Digital Infrastructure, which needs to be protected. </div>
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Unfortunately, in India, much of the Critical Digital Infrastructure, is not under the control of Indian entities and under limited control of the Indian government. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-72852132119755733452019-07-11T16:44:00.001+05:302019-07-11T16:44:11.945+05:30My views on budget expectations on India Today TV<p dir="ltr">https://www.indiatoday.in/budget-2019/video/great-expectations-can-union-budget-fix-the-economy-1554234-2019-06-22<br>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-48075891761291147452019-07-07T18:37:00.001+05:302019-07-07T18:37:47.975+05:30My views on start up asks from Budget 2019https://twitter.com/IndiaToday/status/1144892093040513024?s=09Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-22652579679204954842019-07-07T17:53:00.001+05:302019-07-07T18:36:14.039+05:30Union Budget 2019 as published in Dainik Jagran (in Hindi)<p dir="ltr">बड़े सपने दिखाने वाला बजट </p>
<p dir="ltr">तमाम मौजूदा चुनौतियों का समाधान निकालने की कोशिश करता यह बजट भविष्य के लिए दिशा दिखाने वाला भी रहा</p>
<p dir="ltr">जयजीत भट्टाचार्य </p>
<p dir="ltr">प्रधानमंत्री मोदी के दूसरे कार्यकाल के पहले आम बजट के जरिये सरकार ने एक खास संदेश दिया है। पांच ट्रिलियन डॉलर यानी पांच लाख करोड़ रुपये की अर्थव्यवस्था बनाने का लक्ष्य इस संदेश के मूल में है। इसके लिए हालिया बजट में कई कदम उठाए गए हैं। हालांकि वस्तु एवं सेवा कर यानी जीएसटी जैसे अहम सुधारों और आर्थिक स्तर पर नियमित नीतियों के प्रवर्तन से बजट की महत्ता पहले जैसी भले न रह गई हो, मगर यह अभी भी अर्थव्यवस्था और उसे लेकर सरकार के रवैये की झलक जरूर पेश करता है। उसी कड़ी में तमाम वर्तमान चुनौतियों का समाधान निकालने की कोशिश करता यह बजट भविष्य के लिए दिशा दिखाने वाला भी रहा। इसमें सभी के लिए कुछ न कुछ करने का प्रयास तो किया है, लेकिन फिर भी कुछ मोर्चों पर कमी-बेशी रह गई। </p>
<p dir="ltr">इसमें कोई संदेह नहीं कि बीते कुछ समय से आर्थिक गतिविधियां सुस्त पड़ी हैं। तमाम आंकड़े इसकी पुष्टि करते हैं। इसके पीछे सबसे बड़ी वजह कर्ज के प्रवाह का अवरुद्ध होना यानी क्रेडिट फ्लो कमजोर होना है। बैंकों में गैर निष्पादित आस्तियों यानी एनपीए के बढऩे के कारण नए कर्ज देने में उनके हाथ बंध गए। इसके चलते क्रेडिट ग्र्रोथ का आंकड़ा 5.8 प्रतिशत पर रुक गया। ऐसे में कर्ज की रफ्तार बढ़ाने के लिए सरकार को तात्कालिक रूप से कदम उठाने की आवश्यकता थी। बजट में सरकार ने यह कदम उठाया। इसके तहत सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के बैंकों को 70,000 करोड़ रुपये की पूंजी मुहैया कराई जाएगी। पुनर्पूंजीकरण के इस कदम के अलावा वित्त मंत्री ने गैर-बैंकिंग वित्तीय कंपनियों यानी एनबीएफसी को सशक्त बनाने का एलान किया है। इससे भी कर्ज के मोर्चे पर तंगहाली दूर होगी। सरकार नकद आरक्षित अनुपात यानी सीआरआर को कम करने की दिशा में भी कुछ कदम उठा सकती थी। हालांकि यह पूरी तरह सरकार के क्षेत्राधिकार में नहीं, बल्कि रिजर्व बैंक के दायरे में आता है। मगर इससे जुड़े कानून में संशोधन की मंशा दिखाकर सरकार रिजर्व बैंक को संदेश तो दे ही सकती थी। </p>
<p dir="ltr">सरकार ने पांच ट्रिलियन डॉलर की अर्थव्यवस्था बनाने की महत्वाकांक्षा व्यक्त की है। लोगों को सशक्त बनाए बिना यह संभव नहीं है। इसीलिए सरकार ने अंत्योदय पर पूरा ध्यान केंद्रित किया है। इसके तहत एक साथ कई मोर्चों पर कदम उठाया जाएगा जिससे ग्र्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था को बहुत बड़ा संबल मिलेगा। इसमें कृषि एवं कृषि आधारित उद्योगों को मजबूत बनाए जाने का प्रस्ताव है। ग्र्रामीण इलाकों में सड़कों का जाल और तेजी से बिछाया जाएगा जिससे आवाजाही एवं सामान की ढुलाई और सुगम होगी। इसी तरह जलमार्गों पर ध्यान देने की सरकारी नीति भी बहुत उपयोगी कही जाएगी। इससे न केवल प्रदूषण कम होगा, बल्कि ऐसे तमाम रोजगार भी सृजित होंगे जिनमें अपेक्षाकृत कम कौशल की दरकार होती है। सरकार द्वारा वाटर ग्र्रिड और गैस ग्र्रिड बनाए जाने की घोषणाएं स्वागतयोग्य हैं। इसी तरह बुनियादी ढांचे में सौ लाख करोड़ रुपये का निवेश भी बाजी पलटने वाला साबित होगा। </p>
<p dir="ltr">सालाना 400 करोड़ रुपये टर्नओवर वाली कंपनियों के लिए कारपोरेट टैक्स की दर घटाकर 25 प्रतिशत करना भी उद्योग जगत के लिए एक बड़ी राहत है। पहले यह सीमा 250 करोड़ रुपये थी। इससे करीब 99.3 प्रतिशत कंपनियां कारपोरेट टैक्स की न्यूनतम दर के दायरे में आ गई हैं। इससे कंपनियों के पास नए निवेश के लिए ज्यादा गुंजाइश बनेगी और इसका असर रोजगार सृजन पर भी देखने को मिलेगा। वैसे भी किसी अर्थव्यवस्था की तरक्की में एक अहम पहलू यही होता है कि वहां करों की दर तार्किक बनाई जाए। ऐसे में इस दिशा में सरकार का यह कदम सही है। </p>
<p dir="ltr">सामाजिक सुरक्षा को लेकर भी सरकार बहुत गंभीर नजर आई। बजट में ग्र्रामीण और शहरी भारत दोनों पर बराबर ध्यान दिया गया है। इसमें किसानों और कारोबारियों के लिए पेंशन का प्रावधान खासा उल्लेखनीय है। देश के एक बड़े तबके को कृषि संबंधी गतिविधियों से बाहर निकालने के लिए प्रयासों की जरूरत है। वहीं खुदरा बाजार में बड़े खिलाडिय़ों के आने से छोटे कारोबारियों के लिए हालात मुश्किल हो रहे हैं तब हमें उनके लिए कुछ सामाजिक सुरक्षा के उपाय तो करने ही होंगे। ऊंची वृद्धि की ओर छलांग लगाने से पहले एक सुरक्षा घेरा बना लेना हमेशा उपयोगी साबित होता है। </p>
<p dir="ltr">अर्थव्यवस्था में पारदर्शिता बढ़ाने के लिए डिजिटल भुगतान को प्रोत्साहित करने में मोदी सरकार खासी सक्रिय रही है। इसी सिलसिले को और आगे बढ़ाते हुए बजट में एक खाते से सालाना एक करोड़ रुपये से अधिक लेनदेन पर दो प्रतिशत टीडीएस लगाने का प्रस्ताव है। प्रस्ताव के रूप में तो यह अच्छा कदम है, लेकिन लोग दूसरे खाते के माध्यम से इसका तोड़ निकाल लेंगे। हालांकि यह अच्छी पहल है और सरकार भविष्य में इस मोर्चे पर सख्त प्रावधान करके इसका लाभ उठाने की गुंजाइश खत्म कर सकती है। </p>
<p dir="ltr">इसी तरह स्टडी इन इंडिया भी एक महत्वाकांक्षी पहल है। मगर इसके लिए नियमों को आसान बनाने के साथ ही शोध एïवं अनुसंधान के मोर्चे पर भी हालात सुधारने होंगे। हालांकि नेशनल रिसर्च फाउंडेशन की स्थापना से इस मुहिम में कुछ मदद मिलेगी, लेकिन इसका पूरी तरह से लाभ उठाने के लिए हमें नामी-गिरामी अंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थानों को भारत में उनके परिसर स्थापित करने की अनुमति देनी होगी। इससे न केवल विदेशी छात्रों को भारत में अध्ययन के लिए आकर्षित करने में मदद मिलेगी, बल्कि उच्च अध्ययन के लिए बड़ी तादाद में विदेश जाने वाले छात्रों को भी देश में पढ़ाई के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जा सकेगा। इससे बड़े स्तर पर विदेशी मुद्रा की बचत हो सकती है जो हमारे छात्र विदेशों में जाकर खर्च करते हैं। <br>
हालांकि मध्य वर्ग को राहत देने के लिए सरकार ने बेहद अमीर तबके पर सेस के साथ आयकर का बोझ बढ़ा दिया है। यह जरूर एक प्रतिगामी कदम दिखता है, क्योंकि इससे कर चोरी या दूसरे देशों में निवेश का चलन बढ़ सकता है। हालांकि वित्तीय तंत्र में बढ़ी पारदर्शिता और कई देशों के साथ सूचना विनिमय के समझौतों से ऐसी आशंकाएं कमजोर लगती हैं। </p>
<p dir="ltr">कुल मिलाकर सरकार ने बजट में कई ऐसे कदम उठाए हैं जो अर्थव्यवस्था में सुस्ती को दूर करने के साथ ही सामाजिक सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करते हैं। फिर भी कर्ज प्रवाह को व्यापक रूप से सुगम बनाने और कृषि पर निर्भरता घटाने के विषय पर बजट मौन है। हमें यह ध्यान रखना होगा कि पांच ट्रिलियन डॉलर की अर्थव्यवस्था का सपना देश की साठ प्रतिशत आबादी को कृषि कार्यों से जोड़कर पूरा नहीं हो सकता। यहां तक कि ब्राजील और चीन जैसे हमारे समवर्ती देशों में भी समय के साथ कृषि पर निर्भरता घटी है। हमें भी ऐसा ही करना होगा। इसके लिए बजट में कोई ठोस योजना होती तो यह बढिय़ा बजट और भी बेहतर होता। </p>
<p dir="ltr">(लेखक सेंटर फॉर डिजिटल इकोनॉमी पॉलिसी रिचर्स के प्रेसिडेंट हैं)<br>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-19600561780439934852019-06-29T15:16:00.001+05:302019-06-29T15:16:48.156+05:30My views on start up asks from Budget 2019https://twitter.com/IndiaToday/status/1144892093040513024?s=09Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-26234026454885409702019-06-29T13:16:00.001+05:302019-06-29T13:16:20.630+05:30Digital India with India Today<p dir="ltr">https://www.indiatoday.in/digital-india-campaign/video/jaijit-bhattacharya-maharashta-panel-digital-india-campaign-445591-2016-09-12?jwsource=cl<br>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-27556475073033808292019-06-22T17:01:00.001+05:302019-06-22T17:01:24.741+05:30My views on Unemployment https://twitter.com/IndiaToday/status/1142366058671693824?s=09Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8354639008960483307.post-12878725836640162362019-06-17T22:02:00.000+05:302019-06-17T22:02:00.800+05:30Need for Electrification of Highways using Electric Mules to solve the Electrification of Inter-city Transportation <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Continuing with my concept of using electric trucks for reducing transportation costs and for Electrification of Highways using Electric Mules to solve the Electrification of Inter-city Transportation, below are the details of the policy measures required.</div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">A set of pilot e-highway projects may be conceptualized for specified “toll sections” of prominent National Highway’s. Such pilot’s shall use electrical powered trailer mules to;<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Enable use of electricity as the energy for travel of existing diesel trucks.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1.11 Create a framework that involves minimum infrastructure creation and minimum need for modification of existing vehicles</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Enable the operation of the combined infrastructure by toll operators with digital management & payments.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Serve as an infrastructure template – that can be scaled up to required levels and be exported to other countries<u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Adoption of the Rivigo model <a href="https://rivigo.com/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">https://rivigo.com</a> may be considered – to improve quality of life of truck drivers & productivity of the transportation sector as well as reduce the Total Cost of Transportation (TCT)<u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The trailer mules shall be powered by overhead electricity supply system – based on existing well proven electrification technologies – ex: Railway/Metro systems.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The trailer mules can be manufactured by Indian automobile sector.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">For smooth operation of such “mules”, appropriate facilities shall need to be created at specified locations on the national highways such that they are well integrated with the toll booth operations.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2.3 Trailer mule integration infrastructure needs to be created at the head of a highway and at the tail of the highway</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">3.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The payback periods for these e-highway projects need to seen in the context of them being a national infrastructure that shall significantly reduce diesel consumption & thereby direct environmental pollution as well as reduction of gap in Current Account Deficit as oil imports constitute the single largest component of out imports<u></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">4.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">To expedite the pilot projects it is suggested that GoI creates a policy wherein Toll Operators can introduce the Electrified Highway plus Electric Mule infrastructure as a service to its toll road truck users. Since each highway can choose their own standards for implementation, so there is no need to setup standards for the first few implementations as there is no need for interoperability. Standards can be created after a few implementations. In parallel, a group may be constituted to handhold the interested toll operators to create this infrastructure. Government may provide incentive in the form of tax breaks, interest subvention and extension of the concessionaire period etc. The model needs to ensure that the price charged from the trucks for electric mule based transportation is significantly less than the fuel cost of the trucks for that stretch of highway.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">5.0 The focus should be to have infrastructure innovation from an Indian perspective rather than force-fit concepts from western countries. It would also lead to very significant job creation and increase in efficiency of logistics in the country while also leading to increase in exports of good and services related to the new technology created.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The above is significant in the context that 40% of traffic moves on 2% of the roads that are constituted by national highways. So any electrification of the highways can potentially reduce 40% diesel consumption and hence reduce pollution, reduce cost of logistics and hence the competitiveness of the country and reduce the Current Account Deficit.</span></div>
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Jaijit Bhattacharyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08118783517998612319noreply@blogger.com1