Taxation
Policies affecting the growth of domestic Indian IT Industry
Background
One of the alarming implications of India Tax system
that is crippling manufacturing of Information Technology products in the
country is the Inverted Duty structure. The present rates
of SAD in Information Technology components increase the cost of a finished
computer or laptop that is manufactured in India as compared to a direct import
due to an inverted duty structure. Most components of computers like
motherboards, cabinets, memory modules, graphic cards attract a CVD of 10.3%
and a SAD of 4% leading to an effective duty of 14.73% as against 10.3% CVD for
finished goods. On some components like
microprocessor, hard disc drive attract 5% CVD and nil SAD.
The total input duty on components is higher than the output duty
on the finished product or duty on imported Finished Goods. The higher duty
directly leads to a higher cost for manufacturers in excise exempt zones as
such manufacturers cannot claim offset of input tax against output tax. For
manufacturers in DTA areas, there is overflow of input credit due to higher
input tax versus output tax which again adds to the cost.
IT companies that have established large manufacturing facilities in India that manufacture information technology hardware like desktop and laptops are operating at only fraction of their capacities. The low production in turn leads to further higher manufacturing cost.
The inverted duty
handicap for IT manufacturing Industry has turned down the morale of other
component manufacturers who want to set up their manufacturing base in India
despite notification of incentives and schemes for IT manufactures including
M-SIPS and National Manufacturing policy.
Impact of CVDs on imported
finished IT products on Domestic IT manufacturing
Countervailing
Duty (CVD) levied under section 3 (1) of the Custom Tariff Act is equal to
excise duty levied on a like product manufactured or produced in India. If a
like product is not manufactured or produced in India, the excise duty that
would be leviable on that product, had it been manufactured or produced in
India is the duty payable. If the product is leviable at different rates, the
highest rate among those rates is the rate applicable. Such duty is leviable on
the value of goods plus basic custom duty payable. If CVD on imported
finished IT products is equal to excise duty levied on a like
product manufactured or produced in India, it brings the cost of imported PCs on par with locally
manufactured ones. Current rate of CVD on imported finished IT products is
10.3% which is equal to the excise duty levied on manufactured IT products in
India.
Impact of CVD on
imported components on Domestic IT manufacturing
Domestic
manufacturing is impacted by the CVD on imported components. Even if PC
manufacturers absorb the cost, a
negative impact on pricing will exist between the imported and locally
manufactured product. The current rate of CVD on most components of computers
like motherboards, cabinets, memory modules, graphic cards is 10.3%, whereas
the current rate of CVD on some imported components of computers like Microprocessor for
computer, other than motherboards, Floppy disc drive, Hard disc drive, CD-ROM
drive, DVD Drive/DVD Writers, Flash memory and Combo drive is
5.0%
Factoring in the Special
Additional Duty (SAD)
Special
Additional Duty of Customs is imposed at the rate of 4% in order to provide a
level playing field to indigenous goods which have to bear sales tax. The current rate of SAD to
specified parts of personal computers viz., Microprocessor for computer, other
than motherboards, Floppy disc drive, Hard disc drive, CD-ROM drive, DVD
Drive/DVD Writers, Flash memory and Combo drive is 0.0%, while the current
rate of SAD on most components of computers like motherboards, cabinets, memory
modules, graphic cards is 4.0%
Burden Imposed on
Manufacturers by the Present Duty Structure in India
The present rates of CVD and SAD increase the cost of a finished
computer or laptop that is manufactured in India as compared to a direct import
due to an inverted duty structure. Most components of computers like
motherboards, cabinets, memory modules, graphic cards attract a CVD of 10.3%
and a SAD of 4% leading to an effective duty of 14.73% as against 10.3% for
finished goods. On some components like
microprocessor, hard disc drive attract 5% CVD and nil SAD.
The total input duty on components is higher than the output duty
on the finished product or duty on imported Finished Goods. The higher duty
directly leads to a higher cost for manufacturers in excise exempt zones as
such manufacturers cannot claim offset of input tax against output tax. For
manufacturers in DTA areas, there is overflow of input credit due to higher
input tax versus output tax which again adds to the cost.
As a result, IT companies that have established large manufacturing facilities in India that manufactures information technology hardware like desktop and laptops are operating at only fraction of their capacities. The low production in turn leads to further higher manufacturing cost. This in turn has turned down the morale of other component manufacturers who want to set up their manufacturing base in India.
Proposed Fiscal Policy Changes
to Achieve the Manufacturing Goal of the Government of India
The Indian government recognizes that for India, it is a must to
increase the share of manufacturing in the nation’s GDP to at least 25% and
create opportunities for approximately another 100 million citizens who will be
joining the work force by 2020. As such, from a taxation perspective, a clearly
defined policy is required that allows existing mother plants to be able to
operate at their full capacities with support
from Government in terms of being deemed as Brownfield Clusters and given MSIP benefits
that the government has outlined through the triad of policies in 2012. This
will boost the investment sentiment of other component manufacturers to invest
in India. Once the mother plants are operating at full capacity, the Government
needs to engage with component suppliers so that a sustainable component
eco-system is created in the country.
Specific tax policy changes that would
promote domestic manufacturing in India
1) Exemption from CVD on 7 components of Computer
- microprocessors for computers other than motherboards, floppy disc driver,
hard disc drive, CD ROM drive, DVD drive / DVD writers, flash memory and combo
drives meant for fitment inside the CPU or laptop, etc which is an additional
cost to manufacturers of IT goods in Uttarakhand.
2) Removal of SAD on other components that
attract CVD of 10.3% and SAD of 4%, as duty on components is than duty on
finished goods for manufacturing units based in Uttarakhand.
3) No additional tax burdens on any of the
components of IT manufacturing in order to prevent Duty Inversion in DTA zones.
How do we (India) start competitively manufacture chips, touch screen glasses, and smart phones in India? We should collaborate with Israeli companies for chip technology, & for touch screen glass technologies.
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